Virus-mediated gene therapies against brain tumors have been limited by the difficulty in tracking glioma cells infiltrating the brain parenchyma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly attractive cells for clinical use in cell-based therapies because they have tumor-targeting properties, can be easily isolated and expanded to the numbers required for use, and can be genetically manipulated with viral vectors. In addition, most of the replication-deficient adenoviral vectors that have been used to transduce MSCs are based on human Ad serotype 5 (Ad5). However, transduction of MSCs by conventional Ad5 vectors is inefficient, even when very high multiplicities of infection are used because MSCs do not express the cellular coxsackie-adenovirus receptor. This chapter describes in detai…

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